Spelling Rules

Here are the most common spelling rules in English

Capital Letters

Use Capital (T, S, B, etc.) letters for the following types of words:

• Days, Months and Public Holidays

  Monday, January, Christmas

• Proper names of People and Places

  Jack, Maria, New York, Germany

• Titles for People

  Ms, Dr, General

• Nationalities and Regions (both nouns and adjectives)

  Dutch, Swedish, Basque

• Titles of Works of Art (content words only)

  The Last Day of Summmer, American Journal of Medicine

When to Double Final Consonants

The final consonant of a word is often doubled when adding -ed, -ing, -er, -est in the following cases:

• Double final "b, d, g, l, m, n, p, r and t" at the end of words:

  rob - robbing
  sad - sadder
  big - bigger
  travel - traveller
  skim - skimming
  win - winner
  pop - popping
  prefer - preferred
  hit - hitting

• Double these final letters there is the following pattern "consonant - vowel - consonant" at the end of a word. For example: travel - 'vel' v - consonant - e - vowel l - consonant.
• Words of more than one syllable have their consonants doubled only when the final syllable is stressed.

  begin - beginn ing BUT open - opening
  defer - deferr ing BUT offer - offering

• When words have more than one syllable and end in 'l' British English always doubles the 'l', even in the case of unstressed syllables. American English, on the other hand, the 'l' is not doubled when the syllable is unstressed.

  British English - travelled
  American English - traveled

• Final -E
  
  Leave off the final 'e' in the following cases:
  
  * When the word ends in 'e' adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (this is usually the case, although there are exceptions such as 'outrageous').
  
  make - making
  note - notable
  * Do not leave out the final 'e' when a word ends in 'ee'.
  
  agree - agreeable
  * Words ending in 'ge' and 'ce' do NOT drop the final 'e'
  
  encourage - encouragement
  embrace - embraceable
  
  'IE' and 'EI'
  
  This is a common spelling problem, even for native English speakers. Probably the best thing to do is remember this rhyme:
  
  I before E except after C
  
  relief
  thief
  believe
  
  BUT
  
  perceive
  receipt
  ceiling
  
  'Y' and 'I'
  
  When adding an ending to a word that finishes in 'y', the 'y' usually changes to 'i':
  
  * Most nouns and verbs that end in 'y' have plural or third person singular conjugations that change to 'i'.
  
  party - parties
  hurry - She hurries to work.
  * When changing the word form (for example from adjective to adverb)
  
  happy - happily
  lazy - lazily
  easy - easier
  * Do NOT change the final 'y' to 'i' when 'y' is preceded by a vowel
  
  stay - stays
  enjoy - enjoyed
  
  EXCEPTIONS:
  
  say, lay, pay - said, laid, paid
  * Do NOT change the final 'y' to 'i' when followed by '-ing', '-ism', '-ish'.
  
  boy - boyish
  try - trying
  
  'IE' to 'Y'
  
  When a word ends in 'ie' change to 'y' before adding '-ing'
  
  die - dying
  lie - lying
  

"A, An, The" definite and indefinite articles

กฏในการใช้ "A, An, The"

ในภาษาอังกฤษจะใช้คำ "A, An, The" นำหน้านามตัวนั้นเพื่อบอก ว่าสิ่งที่เราจะพูดถึงนั้นเฉพาะเจาะจง(เอกพจน์)ลงไปว่าเป็นตัวไหน อันไหน หรือไม่

• a = ใช้ในหน้านามที่ไม่เฉพาะเจาะจงว่าเป็นอันไหน ตัวไหน คือเป็น 1 ในสิ่งที่มีอยู่ทั่วไป (indefinite article) เช่น
  She has a dog.
  I work in a factory
  He live in a house
  
• an = ลักษณะการใช้เหมือนกับ a แต่ถ้า นามตัวนั้น ขึ้นต้นด้วยสระ(a,e,i,o,u)เราจะใช้ an แทน a
  Can I have an apple?
  She is an English teacher.
  
• the = ใช้เมื่อสิ่งที่พูดถึงเฉพาะเจาะจงไปวันเป็นตัวไหน อันไหน ซึ่งผู้ฟังก็ต้องรู้ด้วย (definite article)
  The car over there is fast. (ใช้ The เฉพาะในกรณีที่ทั้งสองคนมองเห็นและรู้ว่าเป็นรถคันนั้นที่พูดถึง)
  The teacher is very good, isn't he? (ใช้ The เฉพาะ รู้กันทั้งคนพูดคนฟังว่าหมายถึงใคร)

ข้อจำเพิ่มเติมและข้อยกเว้น

• ถ้าใช้ a ไปแล้ว พอจะพูดถึงสิ่งเดิมก็จะใช้ The ในประโยค ที่ตามเมื่อเพื่อหมายถึง สิ่งที่พูดไปเมื่อครู่
  I live in a house. The house is quite old and has four bedrooms. (ใช้ The )
  I ate in a Chinese restaurant. The restaurant was very good. (
  
• ไม่ต้องใช้ The นำหน้า ชื่อประเทศ จังหวัดซึ่ง รัฐ ภูเขา ทะเลสาบ ยกเว้้น ประเทศที่มีหลายๆรัฐรวมกัน เช่น The US, The UK ,the Philippines ซึ่งก็เป็นเฉพาะประเทศไป
• ชื่อทะเลและมหาสมุทรต้องมี The ขึ้นต้นด้วย
• ไม่ต้องใช้ a an the เมื่อพูดถึงสิ่งทั่วๆไป มื้ออาหาร สถานที่ หรือ ยานพาหนะ
  I like Russian tea.
  She likes reading books.
  He has breakfast at home.
  I go to university.
  He comes to work by taxi.

Fill in the gaps. Click on the arrow to see the answer.

I am from Seattle, Washington. Seattle is -- a city in -- the United States. It is near -- the border of -- 0 Canada in -- the northwest corner of the USA. I live in -- a town called -- 0 Olympia which is on -- the Puget Sound. I live in -- a house in -- a street in the countryside. -- The street is called "Bear Street" and -- the house is old - more than 100 years old! I am -- an English teacher at -- a school in -- the center of -- the town. I like -- 0 books and taking -- 0 photographs. I usually have -- 0 lunch at school. I usually go -- 0 home by -- 0 car. We have all kinds of food in -- 0 Olympia. I like -- 0 Italian food very much. Sometimes, I go to -- an Italian restaurant in Seattle. -- The restaurant is called "Luigi's". -- 0 Italian food is great!

Write a description of your home town

A' and 'an' function as the indefinite forms of the grammatical article in the English language and can also represent the number one. An is the older form (related to one, cognate to German ein; etc), now used before words starting with a vowel sound, regardless of whether the word begins with a vowel letter.^[1] Examples: a light-water reactor; an LWR; a sanitary sewer overflow; an SSO; a HEPA filter (because HEPA is pronounced as a word rather than as letters); a hypothesis; an hour; a ewe; a hero; a one-armed bandit; an heir; a unicorn.

In addition to serving as an article, a and an are also used as synonyms for the number one, as in "make a wish", "a hundred". An was originally an unstressed form of the number án 'one'.

A and an are also used to express a proportional relationship, such as "a dollar a day" or "$150 an ounce" or "A Mars a day helps you work, rest and play", although historically this use of "a" and "an" does not come from the same word as the articles.

The mathematically-minded might heed H. S. Wall's reminder that the statement "I have a son" does not necessarily imply that "I have exactly one son" or that "I have only sons". In other words, "The little words count." — H. S. Wall, Creative Mathematics.

An article is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun, and to specify the volume or numerical scope of that reference. The articles in the English language are the and a (with variant form an). An article is sometimes called a noun marker, although this is generally considered to be an archaic term.

Articles can have various functions:^[2]

• A definite article (English the) is used before singular and plural nouns that refer to a particular member of a group.

The cat is on the red mat.

• An indefinite article (English a, an) is used before singular nouns that refer to any member of a group.

A cat is a mammal.

• A partitive article indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function.

French: Voulez-vous du café ? ("Would you like some coffee?" or "Do you want coffee?")

• A zero article is the absence of an article (e.g. English indefinite plural), used in some languages in contrast with the presence of one. Linguists interested in X-bar theory causally link zero articles to nouns lacking a determiner. ^[3]

Number Pronunciation and Spelling

1 - one
2 - two
3 - three
4 - four
5 - five
6 - six
7 - seven
8 - eight
9 - nine
10 - ten
11 - eleven
12 - twelve
13 - thirteen
14 - fourteen
15 - fifteen
16 - sixteen
17 - seventeen
18 - eighteen
19 - nineteen
20 - twenty
21 - twenty-one
22 - twenty-two
23 - twenty-three
24 - twenty-four
25 - twenty-five
26 - twenty-six
27 - twenty-seven
28 - twenty-eight
29 - twenty-nine
30 - thirty
40 - forty
50 - fifty
60 - sixty
70 - seventy
80 - eighty
90 - ninety
100 - one hundred

ถ้าสังเกตุดูจะรู้ว่า ตัวเลข 13-19 ซึ่งลงด้วย ทีน (Teen) จะออกเสียงคล้าย กับตัวเลข 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
โดยมีวิธีอ่านอย่างถูกต้องให้แยกง่ายๆก็คือ 13-19 จะอ่านเน้นตรงคำว่า -teen ส่วน ตัวเลข 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 จะอ่านเน้นคำหน้า เช่น 40 เน้นคำว่า four-

* สำหรับตำเลบที่เกิน 100 คนอังกฤษมักจะใช้คำเชื่อม and ร่วมด้วย เ่ช่น 627 (six hundred AND twenty seven)
แต่สำหรับคนอเมริกาจะไม่ใช้คำเชื่อม and เช่น 627 (six hundred twenty seven) ต่อกันไปเลย

ABCs pronunciation guide

ABCs pronunciation guide

* A as in "apple"
* B as in "boy"
* C as in "car"
* D as in "dog"
* E as in "ear"
* F as in "flag"
* G as in "great"
* H as in "house"
* I as in "insect"
* J as in "joy"
* K as in "kind"
* L as in "light"
* M as in "magic"
* N as in "night"
* O as in "orchestra"
* P as in "people"
* Q as in "question"
* R as in "red"
* S as in "sure"
* T as in "truck"
* U as in "unique"
* V as in "video"
* W as in "wow"
* X as in "xerox"
* Y as in "yes"
* Z as in "zebra"

ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่มีวรรณยุกต์ ดังนั้น Boy จะอ่านเสียงสูงต่ำเป็น บอย บ่อย บ้อย บ๊อย บ๋อย ชาวต่างชาติฟังแล้วก็จะเข้าใจเหมือนกันไม่ต้องกังวล
ที่ต้องเน้นคือลักษณะเฉพาะของการออกเสียงของแต่ละแบบ และการให้น้ำหนักเสียงหนักเบาในแต่ละคำศัพท์

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เพลง ABC
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U and V W X Y and Z